- Factors that influence insensible water loss in newborn.

Insensible water loss (IWL) is water loss that is not readily measured, and consists mostly of water lost via evaporation through the skin (two thirds) or respiratory tract (one third).

Decrease IWL 

• Advanced GA and weight
• Heat shield or double walled incubators, 10-30% 
• Plastic blankets, 30-50% 
• Clothes 
• High relative humidity (ambient ventilation gas), 20-30% 
• Emollient use 

Increase IWL

• Severe prematurity, 100-300% 
• Respiratory distress (Tachypnea, 20-30%) 
• Ambient temperature NTE 
• Radiant warmer, 50% 
• Phototherapy, 30-50% :- In contrast to conventional phototherapy, light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy does not result in changes in transepidermal IWL 
• Elevated body temperature, 10% for every 1˚C rise in temperature 
• Motor activity and crying, up to 70% 
• Congenital skin defects (e.g., large omphalocele)