- Causes of Hematuria in Children.

 Causes of Hematuria in Children

UPPER URINARY TRACT DISEASE
Isolated renal disease

• Immunoglobulin (Ig) A nephropathy (Berger disease)
• Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis)
• Thin glomerular basement membrane nephropathy
• Postinfectious GN (poststreptococcal GN)*
• Membranous nephropathy
• Membranoproliferative GN*
• Rapidly progressive GN
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
• Anti–glomerular basement membrane disease

Multisystem disease

• Systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis*
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis
• Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener granulomatosis)
• Polyarteritis nodosa
• Goodpasture syndrome
• Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
• Sickle cell glomerulopathy
• HIV nephropathy

Tubulointerstitial disease

• Pyelonephritis
• Interstitial nephritis
• Papillary necrosis
• Acute tubular necrosis

Vascular

• Arterial or venous thrombosis
• Malformations (aneurysms, hemangiomas)
• Nutcracker syndrome
• Hemoglobinopathy (sickle cell trait/disease)
• Crystalluria

Anatomic

• Hydronephrosis
• Cystic-syndromic kidney disease
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Multicystic dysplasia
• Tumor (Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, angiomyolipoma,
• medullary carcinoma)
• Trauma

LOWER URINARY TRACT DISEASE

• Inflammation (infectious and noninfectious)
• Cystitis
• Urethritis
• Urolithiasis
• Trauma
• Coagulopathy
• Heavy exercise
• Bladder tumor
• Factitious syndrome, factitious syndrome by proxy†