- Intrauterine growth restriction.

 Intrauterine growth restriction

Several terms have been used to describe infants with low birth weights (BW) for their gestational age. These include small for gestational age (SGA) and fetal (intrauterine) growth restriction (FGR). Although many SGA infants have FGR and many FGR infants are SGA, the two terms are not synonymous.

Fetal growth restriction

·       BW <3rd percentile

                                     or

·       Three of the following criteria are met:

1.     BW <10th percentile

2.     Head circumference <10th percentile

3.     Length <10th percentile

4.     Prenatal diagnosis of fetal growth restriction.

5.     Prenatal history of conditions associated with fetal growth restriction (eg, maternal hypertension, preeclampsia, congenital infection)

Etiology 

1. Fetal Factors Causing intrauterine growth restriction click here
2. Maternal Factors Causing intrauterine growth restriction click here
3. Placental Factors Causing intrauterine growth restriction click here

Patterns of IUGR click here  :

FETAL NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND METABOLISM AND REGULATION OF FETAL GROWTH click here

 

Fetal Endocrine and Autocrine/Paracrine-Acting Growth Factor Effects on Fetal Growth: click here

Intrauterine Monitoring of the growth-restricted fetus click here

Diagnosis of IUGR : click here  

Staging of fetal growth restriction and optimal timing of delivery click here

Neonatal clinical Assessment for IUGR newborn  click here.

 Neonatal complications of fetal growth restriction click here

Management of IUGR click here

Prognosis and long-term outcome of IUGR click here